You need to know the type of foods the beetle feeds on and its life cycle in order to make a. Morphometric analysis and reproductive system studies of. Insects free fulltext bioassays and methodologies for. It is supposed to be a major pest of wheat in indian subcontinent and also in some of the western countries like usa, uk and germany. At present both species can only be reliably identified by a. Trogoderma granarium is considered one of the world most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. Descriptions, biology, and notes on the identification of. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. A complete life cycle may be as short as 26 days temperature 3235c or as long as 220. Different diets affecting biology and digestive physiology. Trogoderma granarium has the following life developmental stages. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, is one of the worlds most feared storedproduct pests. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts hilgardia.
Trogoderma granarium is native to an area extending from burma to west africa. The warehouse beetle tends to be very active and can develop at a rapid rate. The origin of insect is stated to be india and was first reported from punjab and haryana states. General information about trogoderma granarium trogga eppo global database. Trogoderma granarium troggaworld distribution eppo. Ali, abid, farooq ahmad, antonio biondi, yusha wang, and nicolas desneux. Life cycle mated females live 47 days, while unmated females live from 2030 days. The larva is the most destructive life stage, as the adults only live. Pdf the effect of temperature and type of food on biology of khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium was determined at temperatures of 30 c.
Some species are serious pests of stored animal and plant products. Molecular biology and genetics of the lepidoptera august. She has almost 10 years research experience in biochemical toxicology, environmental biochemistry, pesticide resistance, pest. The state department of agriculture is conducting an eradication program against it in california. Infestations are difficult to control because of the insects ability to survive without food for long periods, its preference for dry conditions and lowmoisture food, and its. It thrives on hot, dry conditions and has proved exceptionally difficult to control. Contribution to the knowledge to the genus trogoderma coleoptera. Trogoderma granarium, the khapra beetle zoology for ias. The invasive dermestid khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium, is an. In its broadest sense, a pest is a competitor of humanity top ten pests. Synopsis of the economic species of trogoderma occurring in the united states with description of a new species coleoptera. The biology of the dermestid beetles, trogoderma granarium everts and trogoderma versicolor creutz. Different diets affecting biology and digestive physiology of. Nutritional physiology of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera.
The biscuit beetle trogoderma granarium, also called cabinet beetle, which originated in south asia, is one of the worlds most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. Dermestidae introduction synonymy distribution identification biology economic importance detection and management selected references introduction back to top. Bioassays and methodologies for insecticide tests with. Both adult and larva cause damage to the grains by chewing a hole and eating up kernel. Dermestidae, is a serious pest of grain and other stored products through the world. Article pdf available march 2017 with 293 reads how we measure reads.
Trogoderma granarium everts 4 trogoderma glabrum herbst 6 trogoderma irroratum reitter 7 trogoderma teukton beal 9 trogoderma inclusum leconte 11 trogoderma parahile beal h trogoderma sinistrum fall 15 trogoderma sternale subspecies 16 trogoderma. Its ability to survive for long periods under extreme conditions facilitates its spread through international commerce, which has led to invasions of new geographic regions. Prsent study was carried out to evaluated the effectivenes of the oil extract of. Pdf molecular identification of trogoderma granarium. It can be found in warehouses, mills, breweries and malt factories. The genus trogoderma contains some of the worlds most serious invasive pests of wheat and other stored grain products. Pdf life cycle, morphometrics and damage assessment of the. The lowest amylolytic and proteolytic activity of the sixth instar was on. In view of the importance of trogoderma granarium everts as a pest of stored grain in the united states cf. Trogoderma granarium everts, the khapra beetle, is one of the most destructive stored product pests of stored commodities and processed goods throughout the world. Trogoderma granarium will feed on most dried plant or animal matter. A complete life cycle may be as short as 26 days temperature.
Dermestidae, is an important insect pest of stored cereals, grains and other stored products in iran and some countries of the world. In this study, the effect of nine barley cultivars bahman,cb8410, fajr 30, makuyi, nosrat, yousof, a1, 18a1, and 19 a1 and a. Description, biology and habits of the khapra beetle will help correctly identify which beetle has infested your home or business and how to control the pest. Distribution and establishment of trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Larvae also leave cast skin in the grains, reducing their marketability. Biology and control of trogoderma granarium everts1.
The biology of the dermestid beetles, trogoderma granarium. Biology and systematics of trogoderma species with special reference to morphological and molecular diagnostic techniques for identification of trogoderma pest species. A general textbook of entomology, including the anatomy, physiology. Trogoderma is a genus of beetles in the family dermestidae, the skin beetles. Different diets affecting biology and digestive physiology of the. Trogoderma granarium troggaoverview eppo global database. Khapra beetle simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The distribution and economic importance of each species are discussed. Biology and taxonomy of the nearctic species of trogoderma. Descriptions, biology, and notes on the identification oi. In this research, effect of five host diets including barley, rice, rye, wheat and walnut was studied on some of biological traits, nutritional indices and digestive enzymatic activity of t. However, trogoderma granarium prefer grain and cereal products, particularly wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize, rice, flour, malt and noodles. Pest biology simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Pdf effect of temperature and food on the biology of khapra beetle. Its northern most range extends to the 35 parallel and to the equator to the south. Jan 16, 2019 the khapra beetle trogoderma granarium does outsize damage to stored grains and is a top target as a potential invasive species at ports and border crossings. Asma naeem received phd degree from university of the punjab, lahore with specialization in biochemical toxicology. Invasive species list and scorecards for california. The khapra beetle trogoderma granarium everts is one of the worlds most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. Maize hybrids affected nutritional physiology of the. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium, is a voracious feeder of stored products and is considered one of the most important quarantine pests globally.
Two of the most serious trogoderma pest species are trogoderma granarium everts and trogoderma variable ballion. Nutritional indices and digestive enzymatic activity of fifth instar t. Elucidating fitness components of the invasive dermestid beetle. Biology and control of trogoderma granarium everts1 journal. Biology and control of the khapra beetle, trogoderma. Mexico, as well as in baja california, mexico, but has not been found in other states. Khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts insecta.
Borzoui, ehsan, bahram naseri, and foroogh rahimi namin. Biology, collage of scince university of basrah iraq summary. In fact, it has been described as one of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide lowe et al. Maize hybrids affected nutritional physiology of the khapra. Their biology and identification a training manual, 2nd edition. The khapra beetle, trogoderma grananum everts, was first found established in california in 1953 and was subsequently detected in arizona and new. The khapra beetle trogoderma granarium, which originated in south asia, is one of the worlds most destructive pests of grain products and seeds.
Bioassays and methodologies for insecticide tests with larvae of. Trogoderma species, it is the most commonly found in dried grains and other stored foods but is also found in homes and museums. Trogoderma granarium everts, the khapra beetle, is one of the most destructive stored product pests of stored commodities and processed. The life cycle of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Bioassays and methodologies for insecticide tests with larvae. Biology and control of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium, a. Dermestidae, is known as one of the mostserious pests of grains in many parts of the world. In connection with the suppression program in progress since 1955, an experimental culture of khapra beetle has. Biology and systematics of trogoderma species with special reference to.
The khapra beetle, a major storedproduct and food pest in large swatches of asia and africa, has been listed as one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. The lowest realized fecundity and fertility of trogoderma granarium were on walnut. The khapra beetle trogoderma granarium does outsize damage to stored grains and is a top target as a potential invasive species at ports and border crossings. A novel rate model of temperaturedependent development for arthropods. Serious pest of stored wheat, groundnut and other grains, such as maize, rice, oat, jowar and occasionally pulses. World distribution of trogoderma granarium trogga eppo global database. Trogoderma granarium may have from one to more than 10 generations per year depending on food availability and quality, temperature and humidity.
A pest is an animal which harms humans or human concerns. Banks hj 1977 distribution and establishment of trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. Biology and control of trogoderma granarium everts. On the basis of the antennal receptor potentials and the extent of attraction and copulation induced in unmated male khapra beetles, z and e14methyl8hexadecenal were recognized as the most important components of the pheromone system of femaletrogoderma granarium everts, and were named z and etrogodermal. It is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, a serious pest of stored grains and other food products in india and elsewhere, has recently been found in 23 counties of california, arizona, and new mexico. Fungi are prominent in their list, and it is more usual to call. It can infest a wide variety of products 1,2 and larvae can enter diapause and remain in that state for years when food resources are scarce. Even with the application of strict quarantine measures, these grain beetles still find their way into new countries and cause imposition of onerous restrictions on exports. New insecticide treatment options would be beneficial for control programs for trogoderma granarium everts, the khapra beetle, in the united states. Researchers in canada have found the threshold temperature that will kill the beetle at all life stages, even diapause. National khapra beetle survey, taxonomic, and specimen. Trogoderma granarium georgia invasive species task force.
Different diets affecting biology and digestive physiology of the khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts coleoptera. They can feed on products with as little as 2% moisture content and can develop on animal matter such as dead mice, dried blood and. Olfactory behavior and receptor potentials of the khapra. Biology and systematics of trogoderma species with special. Nutritional physiology of the khapra beetle, trogoderma. Trogoderma granarium is a member of the coleoptera family dermestidae. Infestations are difficult to control because of the insects ability to survive without food for long periods, its preference for dry conditions and. Review of the genus trogoderma from madagascar coleoptera. The biology of the dermestid beetles trogoderma granarium everts and trogoderma versicolor creutz. The khapra beetle, trogoderma granarium everts, is one of the worlds most feared. Factsheet trogoderma granarium everts, 1899 khapra beetle. The biology of the dermestid beetles, trogoderma granarium everts. The larvae feed on the germ and endosperm of the malt grain and frequently leave only the husk. Khapra beetle and associated host material are regulated by the usda under authority of 7 cfr 319.
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